What is a good SPF/PA sunscreen index?

Choosing the right sunscreen is one of the important steps to protect your skin from the harmful effects of UV rays.

However, many people still do not clearly understand the SPF and PA indexes on sunscreen and how to choose the right product.

In this article of , Dr. Nguyen Giap, we will learn about sun protection factors, what they mean and how to choose the most effective sunscreen for your skin.

What is sun protection factor?

When looking to buy sunscreen, you often see the notation as SPF 30, SPF 50 or PA+++.

These indicators show the ability to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UVB rays and UVA, the main cause of sunburn, skin aging and skin cancer.

Understanding the correct sun protection factor will help you choose the right product. skin suitensuring efficient optimal protection without irritation or clogging clogged pores.

Index of SPF – Anti-UVB rays

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a measure of the skin's ability to protect against UVB rays, main causes sunburn, burning skin and skin cancer.

How your SPF:

• SPF as high time protect the skin from UVB rays as long.
• 1 SPF ≈ 10 minutes protects against UVB rays.
• However, the SPF does not reflect the resistance to UVA rays, which cause aging and darkening of skin pigmentation.

Degree of protection according to the index of SPF

🔹 Note:

• SPF is not proportional with the ability to protect. SPF 100 does not mean that protect the skin twice SPF 50.

• SPF higher creamy texture as thick, easy to cause mystery skin, clogged pores and irritation.
• To protect the skin comprehensive, in addition to SPF, of interest to only some PA against UVA rays.

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What is a good sun protection factor?

Choosing a sunscreen with a high SPF is not necessarily good. Choosing a sunscreen index should be based on your needs and skin characteristics.

• SPF 15 – 30, PA++: Suitable for office workers with little exposure to sunlight.
• SPF 30 – 50, PA+++: Suitable for outdoor activities, helps protect skin better.

• SPF 50+, PA++++: for the skin and easy to catch sunny treat skin pigmentation or need intensive protection.

In addition, with sensitive skin, easy to irritation, you should choose a sunscreen that has an SPF of 30 – 50, PA+++, avoid alcoholic products, or aromatherapy.

Sunscreen physics and chemistry – Type which is better?

Sunscreen is divided into two main types: physical sunscreen (Sunblock) and chemical sunscreen (Sunscreen).

Each type has the mechanism of action different to suit each skin type and needs different uses.

Sunscreen physics (Sunblock)

Physical sunscreen contains natural mineral ingredients such as Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide, which help create a protective layer on the skin's surface and reflect UV rays before they penetrate the skin.

Advantages:

• ✅ Protects the skin immediately after application, no need to wait 15-20 minutes to cream of chemical.
• ✅ Less irritation, in accordance with sensitive skin, children.
• ✅ Well protected ago rays UVA & UVB rays, thanks to mechanisms reflect UV rays.

Cons:

• ❌ Easy to leave white streaks on the skin, causing a heavy face.
• ❌ Quality of thick cream, which can cause mysterious skin without makeup remover skills.
• ❌ Not sticking long time on skin, easy to drift when sweating or contact with water.

Sunscreen chemical (Sunscreen)

Sunscreen chemical-containing organic compounds, such as Avobenzone, Oxybenzone, Octinoxate, works by absorbing UV rays and convert them into heat energy, then release out.

Advantages:

1. ✅ Texture thin, lightweight, absorbent, fast, without causing mysterious skin.
2. ✅ Does not leave white streaks as sunscreen physics.
3. ✅ Fit oily skincombination skin because of potentially alkali, oil well.

Cons:

1. ❌ Need to apply before 15 – 20 minutes before going outside to exert their effects.
2. ❌ Can cause irritation for sensitive skin contains a lot of chemicals.
3. ❌ Some ingredients, such as Oxybenzone, Octinoxate can cause harm to the marine environment.

Should choose a sunscreen physics or chemistry?

• 🔹 If you have sensitive skin, easy to irritation: → Choose sunscreen physics.
• 🔹 If you need the background layer is thin, lightweight, non-greasy: → Choose a sunscreen chemical.
• 🔹 If outdoor activities, swimming: → Choose sunscreen physics + indicator against water well.
• 🔹 If everyday makeup: → Choose a sunscreen chemical osmosis fast.

📌 Tips:

• Whether taking any kind, also need to reapply sunscreen every 2 – 3 hours.
• Combine hat, sunglasses, jacket sunscreen to protect the skin comprehensive.
• Exfoliate periodically, remove makeup thoroughly at the end of the day to avoid clogged clogged pores.

Notes when using sunscreen

However, choosing a sunscreen physics or chemistry, you need to use properly to achieve maximum efficiency.

✅ Apply the right sunscreen quality: Use approximately 2mg/cm2 of skin to effectively reach optimal protection.

✅ Reapply sunscreen:

• If working in the office, reapplied after 4 – 5 hours.
• If outdoor activities or go swimming, reapply after every 2 – 3 hours.

✅ Use sunscreen even when the sun shady: UVA Rays can pass through clouds and glass, which cause skin lesions even when there is no sun.

✅ In combination with measures other sun protection: Use hats, sunglasses, shirt sunscreen to protect the skin comprehensive.

Conclusion

Choosing the right sunscreen is not only based on SPF or PA index but also depends on skin condition and exposure environment.

• SPF 30 – 50, PA+++ is the right level for the needs sunscreen daily.
• Do not abuse sunscreen with SPF too high because there can cause clogged clogged pores.
• Combine reapplied sunscreen and measures shielding to protect the skin optimally.

Hope this article help you better understand the just of sunscreen and how to choose sunscreen fit! 🌞

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What effect does vitamin A have on facial skin?

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that is often overlooked in our daily diet. We often hear about the role of vitamin A in protecting our eyes, but is that all?

In fact, it is an important vitamin involved in many biological functions in the body, from boosting the immune system, supporting bone growth, to beautifying the skin and maintaining overall health.

So what are the effects of vitamin A and how to supplement it properly? This article by Dr. Nguyen Giap Aesthetic Surgery Center will help you understand more about the type of this important vitamin.

Vitamin A and its important role in health

Vitamin a is a kind of fat-soluble vitamins, exists in two main forms:

• Retinol (vitamin A activity): There are many in foods of animal origin such as liver, milk and eggs.
• Carotenoids (provitamin A): Be found in food of plant origin such as carrots, pumpkin, green vegetables.

Our bodies can't synthesize vitamin A which need absorb through food.

If deficiency of vitamin A, the body may encounter more serious problems, especially related to vision, immunity and the development of cells.

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What is the effect of vitamin A?

Protect eyesight and healthy eyes

One of the most important benefits of vitamin A is maintaining vision. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, a condition in which the eyes cannot adapt to low light, impairing night vision.

In addition, vitamin A also participates in protecting the cornea, preventing dry eyes, a common problem in people who regularly use electronic devices or work in polluted environments.

Adding enough vitamin A to help reduce the risk of macular degeneration, a disease common in older people, can cause permanent vision loss.

Boosts the Immune System

Vitamin A plays an important role in protecting the body against the invasion of bacteria and viruses. This vitamin helps maintain the integrity of the mucosa, the body's natural protective barrier, and supports the production of white blood cells, thereby improving resistance.

Many studies show children vitamin A deficiency are predisposed to infection, especially measles and prolonged diarrhea.

The addition of vitamin A in the right way can help to recover quickly after infection and reduce the risk of serious complications.

Healthy skin, prevents aging

Vitamin A is a powerful antioxidant, which helps protect the skin from the damaging effects of free radicals, thereby slowing down the aging process. Some forms of vitamin A, such as retinol, is often used in cosmetics to treat acne, reduce wrinkles and whitening.

In addition, vitamin A or vitamin E also supports the process of cell regenerationhelps skin stay fresh and smooth. Those who have dry skin, peeling, or irritation are often recommended vitamin A supplements, vitamin F to improve skin health from the inside.

Support the development of bones and cells

Not only helps eyes bright, beautiful skin, vitamin A also plays an important role in the development of bones and cells.

In children, the lack of vitamin A can lead to the slow development or osteoporosis early adulthood.

Besides, vitamin A is involved in the process of creating red blood cells, helps improve the process of oxygen transport in the blood.

This is very important for overall health, especially in people with regular physical activity or risk of anemia.

Foods rich in vitamin A should be supplemented

Vitamin A can be found in all foods of animal origin and plant.

The addition of vitamin A-rich foods in the daily diet helps the body to absorb nutrients naturally and effectively.

Food of animal origin

The food from animals contain vitamin A as retinol, a form of direct operation, which helps the body absorb quickly:

• Animal liver (beef liver, chicken liver, pork liver): Is the supply of natural vitamin A is most abundant. Just a small portion of the liver can also fully meet the needs of vitamin A daily. However, one should not eat liver too often to avoid the risk of excess vitamin A.
• Milk and dairy products (fresh milk, yogurt, cheese): In addition to vitamin A, the products from milk offer calcium and vitamin D supports healthy bones.
• Eggs (especially egg yolks): Contains significant amounts of vitamin A along with protein, which helps maintain healthy skin and strengthen eyesight.
• Fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines, herring): Not only contains vitamins A, what kind of fish is also rich in omega-3, helps improve cardiovascular health and brain.

Food of plant origin

Vitamin A in plants exists in the form of beta-carotene – a precursor of vitamin A, should be metabolized in the body before you can use:

• Carrots: Known as the supply of beta-carotene is most abundant. A carrot can meet the large demand of vitamin A daily.
• Sweet potato, pumpkin: Contain large amounts of beta-carotene and antioxidants, help protect skin and strengthen the immune system.

• Dark green vegetables (spinach, kale, green vegetable, spinach, broccoli): Provides not only beta-carotene but also rich in fiber, vitamin C and minerals that are beneficial for overall health.
• Fruits rich in vitamin A (papaya, mango, melon, momordica): This is the supply of beta-carotene natural support eye health and the skin.

👉 Tip to absorb vitamin A, efficiency: Because vitamin A is fat-soluble, so to the body absorb better, you should combine these foods with healthy fats such as olive oil, coconut oil, butter or nuts.

Signs of deficiency and side effects of taking too much vitamin A

Maintain the level of vitamin A balance is essential to ensure health. The deficiency or excess of vitamin A can lead to serious consequences.

Signs of deficiency of vitamin A

Vitamin A deficiency can affect many functions in the body, especially vision, skin and immune system. The common signs include:

• Visual problems: Eyes dry, prone to irritation, night blindness (hard to see in the dark). If severe deficiency can lead to corneal damage, even cause blindness.
• Dry skin, brittle hair, hair loss, weak nails: Vitamin A plays an important role in the maintenance of healthy skin, when the deficiency, the skin can become grainy, peeling, brittle hair, hair loss.
• Deterioration of the immune system: The body susceptible to infections, especially infections of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Children vitamin A deficiency are at risk for measles, diarrhea and pneumonia are higher.
• Retardation in young children: Vitamin A is necessary for the normal development of the body. Deficiency can affect the physical development and intelligence in children.

Side effects when additional overdose of vitamin A

Although vitamin A is very important, but if the supplement too much, especially from sources such synthetic pill, can lead to a state of intoxication:

• Poisoning of vitamin A, acute: Occurs when the consumption of vitamin A too big in short time. The symptoms include nausea, dizziness, headache, loss of consciousness.

• Accumulation in the liver: Vitamin A excess are not excreted but accumulate in the liver, causing liver damage, increases the risk of cirrhosis of the liver.
• Osteoporosis and brittle bones: The addition of vitamin A excess can reduce bone density, leading to the risk of osteoporosis and fractures is higher, especially in the elderly.
• Causes birth defectsPregnant women need to be especially careful with vitamin A, because high doses can cause birth defects in the fetus. Experts recommend that pregnant women should not take vitamin A pills but should supplement it from natural foods.

👉 Tips: To be safe, vitamin A supplements should be taken in the recommended dosage by a nutritionist or doctor. For adults, the average daily requirement of vitamin A is:

• Men: 900 mcg
• Female: 700 mcg
• Children: 300 – 600 mcg (depending on age)

Conclusion

Vitamin A plays an extremely important role in human health, from protecting the eyes, boosting immunity, supporting bone development, to beauty skin.

Maintaining a diet rich in vitamin A from natural food will help you get a healthy body without worrying about side effects due to additional excessive.

Let's listen to the body, vitamin A supplements the right way to enjoy a healthy life and full of energy!

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Glycerin what is? Uses and how to use the safe for the skin

Glycerin is a common ingredient in cosmetics and skin care products. Thanks to its superior moisturizing properties, glycerin helps the skin maintain its natural moisture, improves the skin barrier, and supports the process of repairing damage. But what exactly is glycerin?

It is really safe to use? Let's , Dr. Nguyen Giap in detail.

What is glycerin?

Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a natural or synthetic compound with high hygroscopicity. This compound exists as a clear, colorless, odorless liquid, has a slightly sweet taste and is soluble in water.

Glycerin can be extracted from two main sources:

• Natural origin: From vegetable oils (like palm oil, coconut oil), or tallow.
• Chemical synthesis: Production from the process of hydrogenation of oils or fats.

Thanks to a special water retention effect, glycerin is widely used in many fields, especially in cosmetics and medicine.

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Uses of Glycerin

1. In cosmetics and skin care

Glycerin is a common ingredient in moisturizers, serum, cleanser, and many skin care products, other. The outstanding benefits of glycerin for skin include:

• Deeply moisturizing: Glycerin attracts water from the air into the skin, helping to maintain moisture and limit dryness.
• Strengthen the protective barrier of the skin: Support the process of recovery membrane lipids help the skin more healthy.
• Soothe irritation: Support reduce inflammation, itching, redness on sensitive skin.
• Supports wound healing: accelerate the process of cell renewal, helps the skin recover faster.

2. In medicine

Not only has benefits for the skin, glycerin is also application in medical industry:

• Laxatives: Glycerin attracts water into the intestines, which helps soften the stools and to support the treatment of constipation.
• Reduce skin irritation: Often are present in the products, topical medications to reduce the itching and irritation.

3. In food and industrial

• Glycerin is used as a sweetener in candies, beverage.
• As ingredients in soaps, toothpaste, tobacco, and antifreeze.

How does glycerin work on the skin?

Glycerin works by attracting moisture from the air into the epidermis, keeping the water in the deeper waters of the skin, help the skin stay soft.

In cosmetics, glycerin is usually combined with other components to optimum efficiency:

• Hyaluronic Acid: retains water strong, helps the skin to stretch berries.
• Vitamin E: Antioxidant, protects the skin from harmful agents.
• Coconut oil, aloe vera: enhanced moisturize and soothe the skin.

Compared to other moisturizers such as Hyaluronic Acid or Propylene Glycol, glycerin is safer and suitable for most skin types.

Does glycerin have side effects?

Despite being assessed as safe and benign, glycerin can still cause some side effects if used improperly or not in accordance with your skin.

1. Cause irritation or allergic skin

• Although rare, but some people may be allergic to glycerin, leading to itching, redness, or mild irritation.
• If you have sensitive skin, please test on a small area of skin before use glycerin on the entire face or body.

2. Loss of water upside down if used the wrong way

• When moisture in the air is too low, glycerin can suck water from the deeper layers of the skin to the surface, instead of attracting moisture from the environment. This can make the skin more dry if not combined with the high lock moisture as balm or balm.
• To avoid this situation, always use glycerin with a layer of cream on top of or in combination with rose water, aloe vera to moisture balance.

3. Which clogs clogged pores on oily skin

• For oily skin or skin prone to acne, the use of glycerin pure can create sensory slime adhesive and caulk clogged pores if not cleaned thoroughly.
• If you have oily skin, acne, please select the product has glycerin in combination with other ingredients to control oil as Niacinamide, Salicylic Acid to ensure not to cause mysterious skin.

How to use Glycerin safe and effective

To glycerin promote the best use which does not harm the skin, you should obey the principle of safe use:

1. Use glycerin in proportion to fit

• Do not apply directly glycerin pure on the skin, especially when the weather is dry.
• Diluted glycerin with water at a ratio of 1:4 or in combination with other moisturizing ingredients such as water rose, aloe vera.

2. Use glycerin following cleaning steps and first step locks in moisture

• After washing the face, apply a thin layer of glycerin or toner that contains glycerin to supply moisture.
• Always use more cream to keep water in the skin and prevent dehydration vice versa.

3. Mix glycerin with the right ingredients

• Dry skin: Combine with nourishing oil, Hyaluronic Acid, or Ceramide to optimize the ability of water supply.
• Oily skin: Choose products with glycerin combines Niacinamide or Salicylic Acid to control sebum.
• Sensitive skin: mix with aloe vera, Panthenol or green tea extract to soothe the skin.

4. Don't overdo the vegetable glycerin, excessive

• Use glycerin 1-2 times/day is enough, do not use too much to avoid skin getting clogged clogged or dehydrated vice versa.
• When using glycerin in long time, please follow the skin condition to adjust usage accordingly.

5. Select the product contains glycerin has the recipe stable

• Instead of using glycerin and high quality, you can choose the products, body lotion contains glycerin has been adjusted recipe to match each type of skin.

The product contains Glycerin popular

Glycerin is a common ingredient in the skin care products, from cleanser, toners, serums to moisturizers.

Here are some products contain glycerin is much loved:

1. Moisturizer contains glycerin

• Cetaphil Moisturizing Cream: moisturizing good for dry skin and sensitive skin, contains no flavoring, safe to use daily.
• Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel: The formula contains glycerin and Hyaluronic Acid help the skin hydrated without causing greasy.
• CeraVe Moisturizing Cream: mix glycerin with Ceramide help restore the protective barrier of the skin.

2. Toner and serum, contains glycerin

• Hada Labo Gokujyun Lotion: Contains glycerin and Hyaluronic Acid helps provide deep hydration to the skin.
• Klairs Supple Preparation Facial Toner: moisturizing, soothing, in accordance with sensitive skin.
• The Ordinary Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5: Glycerin combines Hyaluronic Acid helps the skin taut, smooth and elastic better.

3. Milk face wash contains glycerin

• La Roche-Posay Toleriane Hydrating Gentle Cleanser: clean, gentle, does not cause dry skin stretch.
• CeraVe Hydrating Facial Cleanser: Contains glycerin, Niacinamide and Ceramide helps to maintain natural moisture for the skin.

4. Other products containing glycerin

• Glycerin soap handmade: Used for sensitive skin, contains no chemical irritants.
• Sunscreen contains glycerin: As Biore UV Aqua Rich Watery Essence helps to moisturize the skin without the greasy hiss.

The selection of products that contain glycerin suit their skin type will help you to avail the maximum benefits of this composition without experiencing side effects.

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Conclusion

Glycerin is an important moisturizing ingredient in skin care, helping to keep skin soft, healthy and reduce irritation. However, glycerin must be used properly to avoid unwanted side effects.

If you have dry skin, sensitive or are looking for a moisturizing effect, glycerin definitely a great option.

Before use, please test on a small area of skin to check the fit and consult a specialist if necessary. With using the right glycerin will become a deck you own, beautiful skin and more radiant every day.

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